List of symptoms and how to prevent the new coronavirus contains inaccuracies - Full Fact

Posted: 20 Mar 2020 12:00 AM PDT

A number of posts that make the same claims about the symptoms and prevention of the new coronavirus (that causes Covid-19) have been shared on Facebook.

The same text, claiming to be from a member of the Stanford hospital board, has also been shared. Stanford University has since announced that it was not the source of the misinformation.

The claims are a mixture of accurate and inaccurate. While the post does include some basic advice that is worth following, it also makes claims which could lead people to mis-diagnose themselves, and suggests ways of preventing infection that won't work.

Holding your breath to test for Covid-19 and sipping water to protect against the virus won't work

The post claims that by the time you're likely to be hospitalised with Covid-19 your lungs are likely to be "50% fibrosis" and recommends a test attributed to Japanese doctors. It says to hold your breath for 10 seconds to see if you have the new coronavirus (the post claims that if you can't hold your breath that long then you know you have the virus.)

There is no evidence to suggest that holding your breath for 10 seconds can show if you have the new coronavirus.

Lung fibrosis, which is scarring in the lungs, is a potential outcome in severe cases of Covid-19. Professor Ben Neuman, Chair of Biological Sciences at Texas A&M University-Texarkana, told Full Fact that while it is true that the infection could cause fibrosis, holding your breath would not necessarily diagnose if you have this.

In addition, the post claims that sipping water regularly will prevent infection by driving the virus into your stomach where it will be killed by the acid.

This is incorrect. Sipping water regularly does not prevent infection and there have been cases of the virus passing into people's intestines and affecting them.

We have written about both these claims in more detail before.

The post's ten "important announcement[s]" are a mix of true and false

We have written about these in more detail here.

The first two claims are about potential symptoms of Covid-19:

"1. If you have a runny nose and sputum, you have a common cold

2. Coronavirus pneumonia is a dry cough with no runny nose."

A runny nose and sputum (phlegm coughed up from the lungs) are not as common as other symptoms of Covid-19, such as a high temperature and a new, continuous cough. But having a runny nose and sputum doesn't rule out having Covid-19.

The term pneumonia describes the swelling of lung tissue. It's usually caused by a bacterial infection, and has been seen in Covid-19 patients. One of the most common symptoms of Covid-19 is a dry cough. But as we've already said, having a runny nose doesn't rule out Covid-19.

Other claims relate to factors that may affect the survival of the new coronavirus:

"3. This new virus is not heat-resistant and will be killed by a temperature of just 26/27 degrees. It hates the Sun."

Because the virus is relatively new to us, there's a lot we don't know about it, like the exact temperatures it can withstand (although there have been cases recorded in countries that often have temperatures above 27 degrees). We've written about this claim in more detail before.

"4. If someone sneezes with it, it takes about 10 feet before it drops to the ground and is no longer airborne."

The evidence suggests that the new virus, similar to other coronaviruses, is transmitted by droplets produced by coughs and sneezes. How far droplets spread when you sneeze depends on a range of factors, including humidity and temperature, but can be as far as several meters.

The NHS says you should cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or sleeve, but not your hands, when you sneeze, and put used tissues in the bin and wash your hands afterwards.

"5. If it drops on a metal surface it will live for at least 12 hours - so if you come into contact with any metal surface - wash your hands as soon as you can with a bacterial soap."

We don't know how long it can survive on surfaces, although we've written more about that here. Washing your hands well with soap is good advice to prevent you picking up germs from surfaces. Cleaning advice from the UK government for people staying at home because of suspected Covid-19 symptoms can be found here.

"6. On fabric it can survive for 6-12 hours. normal laundry detergent will kill it."

We haven't found any reliable source saying exactly how long the virus can survive on fabric. For households with suspected Covid-19, Public Health England has advised that laundry items can still be washed together and according to manufacturer's instructions, but warned against shaking dirty laundry "to minimise the possibility of dispersing virus through the air".

The post makes four more claims about how to prevent catching the virus, including warnings to drink warm not cold liquids, that the virus can live on hands for 5-10 minutes, and that gargling with salt water will prevent Covid 19.

We can't find any scientific evidence that warm water can cure or prevent diseases caused by viruses, although hot drinks can be a comfort to those suffering with coughs and colds. Washing your hands thoroughly, and often, is also good advice. It's not clear exactly how long the virus can 'survive' on your hands, especially not down to the minute. But the post is right to mention that rubbing your eyes, mouth or nose is problematic if you haven't washed your hands, because these areas are a prime entry point for viruses and bacteria.

Gargling with salt water is recommended by the NHS for adults who have a sore throat, but only to relieve symptoms once you have caught it, not as a preventative measure. The World Health Organisation says that there's no evidence saline can prevent Covid-19. We have written more about this claim here.

The viral post also lists four symptoms of Covid-19, which are generally accurate

"1. It will first infect the throat, so you'll have a sore throat lasting 3/4 days

2. The virus then blends into a nasal fluid that enters the trachea and then the lungs, causing pneumonia. This takes about 5/6 days further.

3. With the pneumonia comes high fever and difficulty in breathing.

4. The nasal congestion is not like the normal kind. You feel like you're drowning. It's imperative you then seek immediate attention."

These are a roughly accurate description of the common symptoms of Covid-19, although some patients may experience other symptoms and the timing of those symptoms may differ.

The CDC says that a sore throat has been reported "in some patients". More commonly, symptoms include fever, a cough, muscle pain or fatigue and shortness of breath. In more severe cases Covid-19 can cause pneumonia. The NHS does not mention nasal congestion that 'feels like drowning' as a specific symptom for Covid-19.

If you experience either of the two major symptoms of Covid-19 the NHS says to look out for (a high temperature or a continuous cough) you should stay at home for seven days and you do not need to contact their 111 service. If your fever is gone after seven days you can return to your normal routine (even if you still have a cough), but if you still have a fever remain at home until your temperature returns to normal levels.

New advice published on 18 May now says that anyone experiencing loss of taste or smell (known as 'anosmia') should also self-isolate.

If these symptoms don't go away after seven days, if you can't cope with them at home or if you get worse then use the NHS online 111 coronavirus service. If you can't get the help you need there then you should call the 111 phone service.

If you have a medical emergency, you should still call 999 as you would normally.

This article is part of our work fact checking potentially false pictures, videos and stories on Facebook. You can read more about this—and find out how to report Facebook content—here. For the purposes of that scheme, we've rated this claim as partly false because it makes a number of claims about the symptoms of and ways to prevent Covid-19, and some are false.

Update 18 May 2020

This article was updated to reflect new government guidance about symptoms including a loss of taste or smell.

Yellow Mucus: Here’s What It Means If You Have This Symptom - Self

Posted: 15 Mar 2019 12:18 PM PDT

If you've ever peeked into your tissue after blowing your nose and glimpsed yellow mucus, you may have wondered what your body was trying to tell you. Fear not! Mucus the color of lemonade is a sign that your body is doing what it's supposed to do when faced with outside intruders.

Mucus is critical for the health of your respiratory and immune systems.

This slimy stuff helps warm and humidify the air you breathe, Anthony Del Signore, M.D., assistant professor of otolaryngology and director of rhinology and endoscopic skull base surgery at Mount Sinai Beth Israel, tells SELF. This is important because breathing air that's too cold and dry can aggravate your airways, which is why it can burn like hell to breathe outside in wintertime. So, even though mucus is kind of gross, it contributes a fair amount to your physical comfort.

Mucus is meant to keep you comfortable in another way, too: as a vigilant guard on the front lines of your body's biological defense system, Michael Benninger, M.D., chairman of the Cleveland Clinic Head and Neck Institute, tells SELF. Mucus traps foreign invaders that could make you ill, including viruses, bacteria, and allergens. Ideally, little hairlike projections called cilia then shuffle those invaders to the front of your nose so you sneeze them out, meaning they can't enter your lungs and make you sick. (This dirty mucus can also slip down your throat, but if invaders get to your lungs, you might cough to clear them out.)

Your mucus usually turns yellow when your body is fighting an infection.

When your mucus traps potential illness-causing debris, like pathogens that cause the common cold or flu, your immune system sends inflammatory cells such as white blood cells to the area to help destroy the invaders, Dr. Benninger explains. It's this inflammatory response—not the agents of infection themselves—that causes the signature shift in mucus hue, Dr. Benninger says.

One of the first responders to microbial invaders is a type of white blood cell called a neutrophil. Neutrophils are full of myloperoxidase, an enzyme that contains green-colored heme, or iron. When super concentrated, these green neutrophils can make your mucus appear straight-up verdant. But when less concentrated, the mucus appears pale green—which, depending on how your eyes work, might look yellow to you instead.

You may also notice that your mucus is a deeper shade of yellow (or looks like it has gone from yellow to green) after several days of being sick, not blowing your nose for a while, or when you wake up in the morning. When mucus sits around in your nasal passages for prolonged periods, these inflammatory cells can build up and tint your mucus more intensely, Dr. Benninger explains. "The less you clear it out, the more it becomes discolored," he says.

So, when you've got yellow mucus, you should blow your nose often to clear out any trapped debris and keep things moving.

Yellow mucus isn't necessarily a sign you need to see a doctor.

What really matters is your accompanying symptoms and how long they stick around, Dr. Benninger says. While you know your body better than anyone and should take a trip to the doctor if you're feeling unusually horrible, it's good to know that some of the most common illnesses involving yellow mucus will typically clear up on their own without medication.

For example, the common cold usually lasts 7 to 10 days, according to the Mayo Clinic. A viral sinus infection typically begins to clear up after 5 to 7 days, while a bacterial sinus infection may last 7 to 10 days, hang around for longer than that, or even worsen around a week in before eventually fading, according to the Cleveland Clinic.

In the meantime, you can use over-the-counter meds and at-home care to manage symptoms of these kinds of illnesses. Methods include anti-inflammatories for pain and fever, nasal irrigation, and decongestants if you have an especially clogged nose, Dr. Benninger says. (You shouldn't use decongestants that constrict your nasal blood vessels for more than three days, though, or they can cause rebound congestion. Learn more about that here.)

If you still feel like something stuck on the bottom of a shoe after around a week of being sick, you might want to check in with a doctor. It's possible that you could need something like antibiotics to clear up a bacterial sinus infection. No matter what's going on, your doctor can help determine the cause of your yellow mucus and get your snot crystal-clear again.

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